• Syt itself does not catalyze lipid mixing

  2022-02-26

  

  Syt1 itself does not catalyze lipid mixing and membrane fusion. Rather, the pairing of vesicular and target membrane SNAREs into complexes serves to pull bilayers together to drive fusion; Ca•syt1 accelerates these fusion reactions so that they occur on rapid timescales in a manner that is precisel

• br Conflict of interest statement br References and recommen

  2022-02-26

  

  Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We thank Urann Chan for assistance with the figures. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of

• br Conclusions Histone acetylation deacetylation is

  2022-02-26

  

  Conclusions Histone acetylation/deacetylation is a major epigenetic mechanism implicated in the regulation of transcription and various biological processes such as development and gametogenesis from plants to vertebrates. However, despite being well characterized in zebrafish, acetyltransferase

• This crosstalk may be responsible

  2022-02-26

  

  This crosstalk may be responsible for the beneficial effects of histamine H2 receptor inverse agonists on NHS-SS-Biotin pathologies and may also explain unwanted effects of these drugs on other tissues. In this way, Allen et al. reported an anaphylactoid reaction following cessation of high-dose ra

• Fludara Newly identified evidence has put immune checkpoint

  2022-02-26

  

  Newly identified evidence has put immune checkpoint inhibitors into the spotlight. However, even though they have been reported to achieve optimistic outcomes [67], there is still a provocative question about their limitations [68]. The solid evidence above has provided us with translational values

• In autoimmune diseases lymphocytes penetrate into the inflam

  2022-02-26

  

  In autoimmune diseases, lymphocytes penetrate into the inflammatory lesions of tissues, where it is prominently hypoxic or even anoxic, and utilize glycolysis for an energy supply after activation or under hypoxia (Sitkovsky and Lukashev, 2005; Palazon et al., 2014), which is modulated by the oxygen

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Dex

  2022-02-25

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Dex has been shown to induce apoptosis in osteoblastic cell lines (MC3T3-E1, UAMS-32 cell) [24], [25]. Consistent with previous reports, we find high-dose Dex (1 or 5 μM) can induce apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 ursolic acid within 24 h as evidenced by Anne

• Introduction Heme is an important small molecule and an esse

  2022-02-25

  

  Introduction Heme is an important small molecule and an essential cofactor for a variety of enzymes (George, 1948; Morrison and Stotz, 1954; Maehly, 1952; Igo et al., 1961). During cellular respiration, heme populates cytochromes and serves as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (M

• The dramatically reduced expression of CFTR

  2022-02-25

  

  The dramatically reduced expression of CFTR in human colorectal cancer tissues identified herein is consistent with our previous findings using human breast cancer tissues, prostate cancer tissues, and colon cancer tissues, and suggests that the loss of CFTR is likely a general phenomenon in epithel

• HCV is a highly diverse virus with seven known genotypes

  2022-02-25

  

  HCV is a highly diverse virus with seven known genotypes (GT1–7) and multiple subtypes (Gower et al., 2014, Messina et al., 2015, Smith et al., 2014). Patients infected with HCV develop a heterogeneous population of viral species known as quasispecies due to low fidelity of the RNA-dependent RNA pol

• br Conclusions br Introduction Astrocytes contribute to

  2022-02-25

  

  Conclusions Introduction Astrocytes contribute to physiological EPZ031686 function on many levels. They help maintain the physiological composition of the extracellular medium by, for instance, buffering potassium and uptake of neurotransmitters. They can also provide neurons with energy subs

• br GSK The GSK family is

  2022-02-25

  

  GSK-3 The GSK-3 family is highly conserved throughout evolution and is encoded by two genes, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, which are located in chromosomes 19q13.2 and 3q13.3 in human, respectively. Both GSK-3α and GSK-3β proteins exist in a variety of tissues with the highest levels found in guanidine hydr

• The calculations for the R substrate

  2022-02-25

  

  The calculations for the R substrate showed that, like the S substrate, the coordination shell of the Zn nk1 receptor antagonist is more symmetric than in the HIC-SG crystal structure. This symmetry indicates that the enzyme could use the same reaction mechanisms as for the S substrate, but with exc

• br GluR A knockout mice Genetically modified adult

  2022-02-25

  

  GluR-A knockout mice Genetically modified, adult mice lacking the GluR-A AMPA receptor subunit exhibit fast synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, mediated by the receptors formed from the remaining AMPA receptor subunits GluR-B and GluR-C (Sommer et al., 1991), but are deficient in a rapidly

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Protein

  2022-02-25

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Protein translation demands high fidelity. There are number of molecular checkpoints to fulfill this demand. Among these, insuring that a particular tRNA gets aminoacylated by its conjugate amino acid, which in turn is catalyzed by a particular aminoacyl-tRNA synt

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